This question has been answered by sottwell. See the first response.
Kind of hard to do when so many different web servers have their own way of configuring and rewriting URLs.

I never had to edit the .htaccess file for common setups.
The standard instructions for setting up friendly URLs (http://rtfm.modx.com/revolution/2.x/administering-your-site/using-friendly-urls) say that you should edit the .htaccess file and then change some options in the manager. I've never been able to find a different way of setting them up, do you have a simpler way?
No, it doesn't need the domain name to work. The only time you would need to edit the domain name is if you are using one of the "everything-to-www" or "everything-to-no-www" rules, or if you need to have https as the protocol.
You can also simply create your own .htaccess file in any text editor, paste in the following code, save it in the MODX site root, and edit it accordingly:
change the DOMAINNAME to your domain name in lowercase.
For me: shawnwilkerson
change the TLD to the com, net, org, info, whatever you have
For me: com