what I'm really curious about is what would cause _('resource_groups') to be undefined when the htaccess is in place, where it works fine without that htaccess.
That's a new one one me. The only thing that comes to mind is double-checking the connectors path and URL in the config file and checking the file and directory permissions.
The typical Manager .htaccess is just: RewriteEngine Off, but it sounds like you have that now.