That article is a great resource.
The output modifiers are there as a convenience for people who are not comfortable with PHP. There are cases where the speed difference between them and a custom snippet is negligible, but there are other cases where the difference is massive.
The problem is that all the output modifiers are handled by the same large piece of code. MODX has to parse the tag to figure out which modifiers to apply and then parse them further to analyze the conditions (and maybe pass the results on to another modifier, which also has to be parsed).
A dedicated snippet knows what it's getting ahead of time, makes a quick decision, and returns the result. For example, this one-line snippet will show a chunk to logged-in users and nothing to everyone else:
return $modx->user->hasSessionContext('web') ? $modx->getChunk('SomeChunk') : '';
This is almost certain to be faster than the 649 lines of the modOutputModifier class.
The If snippet, is an intermediate option -- usually faster than an output modifier (sometimes a lot faster), but slightly slower than a custom snippet because it has to parse the tag to see what logical test it needs to perform.
Since bounce rate effects can be measured in milliseconds, I always use a custom snippet, even in cases where it's probably not necessary. Bob's Guides doesn't use a single output modifier and the If snippet isn't even installed there (though it's an excellent choice if you're not up to creating a custom snippet).