Quickly from what you have gathered you'll probably want to take a look at:
Quip - provides the commenting system
Articels - this one is great as you can do a direct export/import from Wordpress
Login - well to add the user login including profile management
Easy2 Gallery - adds a nice gallery presentation and backend management
Not sure exactly what you want with the "Activity Stream" and don't want to go the wrong direction. Some of the items you've listed are supported without any additional extras depending on how you want to manage them like SEO, Friendly URLs.
Those should get you on a good start however I'd be remiss to not full think additional custom programming would be required to fully meet your requirements, especially when you need to extend content management capabilities (gallery for artists) to front-end users.
Hope that helps.