This still is an issue with the table, not in ModX, in my opinion it could be 2 cases:
1: Someone changed the permissions on the .MYI file of the table so the MySQL Daemon can not access it anymore.
2: The table is corrupt, although PHPMyAdmin says it isn’t there still is a possibility that the table is corrupt.
My solution:
Try to drop the table and then re-create it.
If this doesn’t work, backup your database to an SQL file, change the prefix of the tables (from modx_ to something_) with a simple find and replace. Make sure also the manager_log table is created with the new prefix. Now import the new .sql file into PHPMyadmin. When this process is completed change the prefix in manager/includes/config.inc.php and your site will probably work again without errors. Now you can delete the tables with the old prefix. Job’s done.