The equivalent of filters in Evo is supplied by the
PHx plugin. Some addons, notably Ditto, have their own copy of the PHx files, so you don't need to install PHx as a plugin if your chunk is a Ditto template. If you do install PHx in its own right, beware that it can have some awkward consequences concerning caching (e.g. using pagination in Ditto output).
If you only need a little filtering here and there, it's probably better to write a suitable snippet to modify your placeholder output, and insert the snippet in your chunk. E.g.
[[MyModifier?fname=`[+thatfile+]`]]
The snippet:
// MyModifier
$output = str_replace('problem', 'challenge', $fname);
return $output;
:) KP