I did this some years ago using extJs to make an AJAX-driven searchable sortable data grid, with the data filtered by the username. I can’t say it’s exactly simple, but I did a writeup of it
here. I’ve gotten very fond of JQuery since then, and would do it differently now, but the principle is the same. Whether you are using AJAX or not, use the SESSION value $_SESSION[’webShortname’] or $_SESSION[’webInternalKey’] if you prefer to use the user’s numeric ID in the WHERE clause of your query.
Accessing a database separate from MODx’s is not difficult either
http://wiki.modxcms.com/index.php/API:DBAPI:connect
If you need to check this table on login, perhaps to add data to the SESSION, or to validate the user against the remote data before completing the MODx login process, use a plugin using OnBeforeWebLogin, OnWebAuthentication or OnWebLogin events.
http://www.sottwell.com/how-plugins-work.html