Yes, it is possible to add an image to the rss article, but first of all it requires careful learning of the rss specification. What is wrong in your item’s template, GJ, that is an <image> tag. <image> is a subelement of <channel> tag and therefore it does not work within <item> tag. In order to add your picture to the rss item, you need to re-arrange your item’s template like this:
<item>
<title>[+rss_pagetitle+]</title>
<link>[(site_url)][~[+id+]~]</link>
<description><![CDATA[ <img src="[(site_url)]assets/images/[+blog-image+]" alt="" title="" /> [+summary+] ]]></description>
<pubDate>[+rss_date+]</pubDate>
<guid isPermaLink="false">[(site_url)][~[+id+]~]</guid>
</item>
Please take care of building full and proper path to your picture ("src" attribute) within CDATA section (!) Good luck.