While it is usual to use an external file for your css, as in style.css, you can also use a MODx resource as the css file. Your browser doesn’t know or care if it is accessing a file or a MODx resource, the server just sends what is requested, so you would use a URL for either one.
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://domain.com/assets/templates/mytemplate/style.css">
- or -
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://domain.com/style.css">
The rel and type attributes tell your browser this is a CSS stylesheet, so whether it’s stored (file) or generated (MODx resource) is irrelevant.