The alias listing is stored in the site cache file, and is made available as an array. It looks like you want $modx->documentListing.
$d = &$this->documentListing;
...
$d['index'] = 1;
$d['blog'] = 2;
$d['add-a-blog-entry'] = 3;
...
The array key is the alias, and the value is the ID.
The parser uses this code:
if (array_key_exists($alias, $this->documentListing)) {
$this->documentIdentifier= $this->documentListing[$alias];
You would need to change the $this to $modx to use the code in a snippet.