Those functions are part of the MODx DocumentParser class, a.k.a. $modx
$tvOutput= $modx->getTemplateVarOutput(array ('page'));
will process the template variable in the context of the document the snippet is being executed on, and return an array of the processed output that can be accessed as
$page= $tvOutput['page'];
This is because it supports retrieving and processing multiple tvâs at a time, which is also the reason why the initial parameter accepts an array of tv names (or the string â*â for all).