Most of what you need is fairly straightforward and a good fit with MODx. The two exceptions are the blogs and forums. People do very nice blogs and forums in MODx, but there’s no simple out-of-the-box solution for them.
WordPress is a very good blog platform, but trying to meet your other requirements in it would be a real challenge. It would make me crazy. Similarly, SMF will solve your forum problems but nothing else. Drupal has a lot of nice add-on solutions, but it makes you do things the "Drupal" way and it, too, would make me crazy.
In your situation, especially if the blogs and forums don’t need to have a lot of bells and whistles, I would use MODx for the site and do custom stuff for the blogs and forums. It the blogs and forums need the bells and whistles, I’d still use MODx and link to SMF and Wordpress installs for them.
How long it takes to get up to speed is hard to estimate because it depends on your skills and your previous experiences with CMS platforms.
Take a look a the page link in my sig. If it all makes sense to you, more or less, it won’t take long to get up to speed with MODx. If it looks like Greek, it will take a little longer.