I don’t see why what you’re doing shouldn’t work (especially with the back-ticks in place), but what about sending the document ID (e.g. &docID=`22`) in the snippet call instead of the content itself.
Then your snippet code could do this:
$doc = $modx->getDocument(&docID);
$output = $doc[‘content’];
// truncate $output here
return $output;
Alternately, you could just fill in the summary field for each document. Make it a truncated version of the content (you could write code to automate this) and then use the summary TV instead of the content TV.
Bob