OK, here goes with Phase 2 of the great adventure: make sure the TV will work, get the template to match the parameters and fix some things in the Ditto call.
Your TV needs to let you input a date, and must output the date as a Unix timestamp. This is achieved by setting its Input Type to Date, and specifying the Widget as Unixtime. You’ll now get a date-picker in the document editing screen, showing the chosen date in readable form such as DD-MM-YYYY HH:MM (some of the details are surplus to your needs, but can be ignored). The widget will translate what’s stored in the database to a Unix timestamp, as required for Ditto’s date functions. My Ditto call uses a TV called pkDate for a set of items contained in document 186:
[[Ditto? &parents=`186` &dateSource=`pkDate` &orderBy=`pkDate DESC` &dateFormat=`%b %Y`]]
Now you should be getting the month-year date display of the TV as required, so we can update the template. The one in your original post was using [+dateArticle+] for the date placeholder - this needs to be [+date+], to match up to the &dateSource parameter in the Ditto call. The placeholder for the Summary text is [+introtext+], not [+summary+], which explains the non-display of that one. So the template now reads:
<div class="ditto_documentInfo"><strong> [+date+]</strong> </div>
<div class="ditto_item" id="ditto_item_[+id+]">
<h3 class="ditto_pageTitle">[+pagetitle+]</h3>
<div class="ditto_introText">[+introtext+] <a href="[~[+id+]~]">More</a></div></div>
and the Ditto call is
[[Ditto? &parents=`186` &dateSource=`pkDate` &orderBy=`pkDate DESC` &dateFormat=`%b %Y` &tpl=`etDitto`]]
Finally, you were using some obsolete parameters for Ditto. The setting for "number to show per page" is now &display, not &summarize. We’ve already sorted out &startID and &sortBy. &total defaults to "all" anyway. I don’t think you need &extenders - it is there to support the [+summary+] placeholder we just replaced. (Documentation on Ditto 2.1 parameters is at
http://ditto.modxcms.com/files/snippet-ditto-php.html). So the full Ditto call, with the start document, TV and template names and pagination parameters as per original, now reads:
[[Ditto? &parents=`1` &display=`5` &tpl=`DittoTemplate` &paginate=`1` &paginateAlwaysShowLinks=`1` &orderBy=`dateArticle DESC` &dateSource=`dateArticle` &dateFormat=`%B %y`]]
Note that the call is now uncached - I found that the pagination didn’t work with an uncached call. Which illustrates one reason I’m happy to help you - I always learn something myself from the experience!

KP