In theory, you should be able to upgrade to just the major versions: 2.1.0, 2.2.0, 2.3.0, 2.4.0, 2.5.0, then the current version, but your version is so old (at least 7 years old) you may have some trouble along the way.
I would try again after (in this order):
1. Repairing all tables in the DB
2. Emptying the Manager Actions log and the Error log
3. Disabling all plugins
3. Deleting all files in the core/cache directory
If you see missing resources or elements, see if they are in the DB and just not showing. Some of the trouble could be a side effect of the unset date_timezone System Setting or a setting there that doesn't match
the setting in php.ini.
If you see errors, feel free to post them here.