This question has been answered by markh. See the first response.
[[+image:gt=`0`:show]]
Is the image setup as a template variable? Using the Gallery extra or modmore Gallery or some other way?
You could try something like this in your output
[[+image:gt=`0`:show]]
You could use a plugin that fires on OnPageNotFound to alert you of 404s that happen. Notify404 sends you an email, but it gets a bit spammy sometimes.. you could try adjusting it so it only notifies you of 404s on image types, sending you the referer along with it.